Using impact assessment methods to determine the effects of a marine reserve on abundances and sizes fo valuable tropical invertebrates
نویسندگان
چکیده
Procedures for impact assessment, including “beyond-BACI” (before–after control–impact) and proportional differences (ratios between impact and control treatments) were used to test population replenishment of marine invertebrates at a marine conservation area (MCA) and three fished (control) areas in the Solomon Islands of the southwestern tropical Pacific. Within shallow reef terrace habitat, the MCA caused abundance and size of the topshell Trochus niloticus to increase but did not affect holothurians (sea cucumbers) or the giant clam Tridacna maxima. Abundance of the nonexploited topshell Tectus pyramis was unchanged at the MCA but increased at the controls, possibly because of changes in abundance of T. niloticus. Within deep slope habitat, the MCA caused increased abundance of the sea cucumber Holothuria fuscogilva and prevented possible declines in abundances of Thelanota anax and all holothurians combined but had no effect on abundances of Holothuria atra or Holothuria fuscopunctata. Power analysis comparing the MCA with controls indicated that further, relatively modest increases in abundance or size of some species would have a good chance of being detected statistically. The beyond-BACI procedure holds promise for enabling rigorous evaluation of marine reserves as management tools at different spatial scales; the use of proportional differences is simpler but has limited management value. Résumé : Des procédures d’évaluation des impacts, dont l’au-delà du BACI (« beyond-BACI »; avant–après témoin– impact) et des différences proportionnelles (rapports entre les conditions d’impact et les conditions témoins) nous ont servi à vérifier le renflouage des populations d’invertébrés marins dans une zone de conservation marine (MCA) et trois régions soumises à la pêche (témoins) dans les îles Salomon, sud-ouest du Pacifique tropical. Dans les habitats de récifs en terrasse de faible profondeur, la MCA cause un accroissement de l’abondance et de la taille du trocha, Trochus niloticus, mais n’affecte pas les holothuries (concombres de mer) ou la moule géante, Tridacna maxima. L’abondance du troca blanc, Tectus pyramis, non exploité reste inchangée dans les MCA, mais augmente dans les zones témoins, peut-être à cause des changements d’abondance de T. niloticus. Dans les habitats de pente profonds, la MCA a accru l’abondance du concombre de mer Holothuria fuscogilva, a empêché les déclins potentiels d’abondance de Thelanota anax et de toutes les holothuries combinées, mais est restée sans effet sur les abondances d’Holothuria atra ou d’Holothuria fuscopunctata. Une analyse de puissance qui compare la MCA aux zones témoins indique que des accroissements futurs relativement modestes d’abondance ou de taille de certaines espèces auraient de bonnes chances d’être détectées statistiquement. La méthode d’au-delà du BACI est prometteuse comme outil de gestion pour l’évaluation rigoureuse des réserves marines à différentes échelles spatiales; l’utilisation des différences proportionnelles est plus simple, mais elle possède une valeur limitée pour la gestion. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Lincoln-Smith et al. 1266
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